Digital Democracy
by
Dr. Tabaré Vázquez
Ensuring that students have access to computers and the skills to use them will make Uruguay the most wired country in the world.
There is no development without innovation. This is as true today as it was during the Renaissance and the Industrial Revolution. Our challenge in the Americas is that, while some countries are leaders in science, technology, innovation, and development, the majority are constantly struggling to catch up.
In Uruguay, we have chosen to stand with the innovators. Our goal is clear: by increasing connectivity and reducing the digital divide, we intend to take our place as one of the hemisphere’s information technology (IT) leaders.
We are already well ahead of our neighbors. According to surveys conducted in 2002 and 2003 by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean’s (ECLAC) Observatory for the Information Society in Latin America and the Caribbean (OSILAC), Uruguay has some of the highest rates of household access to telephones and cellular phones, cable TV, computers, and the Internet. But these figures obscure the continuing gap between those who have access and those who remain outside the digital revolution and the potential that it presents. When I took office in March 2005, only 29 percent of Uruguayan households had a computer. Of those, just half had Internet access.
This gap may seem strange in a country that has always boasted high levels of social cohesion and education. But appearances can mask reality. The truth is that previous governments have allowed these levels to decline. Although it has been a while since Uruguay suffered under a dictatorship, subsequent democratic governments until now have lacked a national development strategy based on economic growth and social justice.
As a citizen and a politician, but also as a medical doctor and university professor, I have argued that development is a right, not a privilege. That is why I have focused on creating a twenty-first century educational system. Since I took office, public school funding has tripled, and at the end of my term in 2009 it will reach 4.5 percent of GDP—above the regional average. Establishing high-quality schools accessible to all is a development priority. Our children must have the opportunity to succeed and to learn how to compete in the IT-based economies of the new century. Their futures and our national competitiveness depend on it.
But funding must be accompanied by innovation. In May 2007, Uruguay launched an ambitious plan: the Basic Information Educational Program for Online Learning (CEIBAL). (Its Spanish-language acronym is also the name of a tree native to Uruguay.) The project’s immediate objective is to provide all public primary school students and teachers with free laptop access. As a small country of 3.5 million inhabitants, Uruguay can become the first Latin American country to achieve this remarkable goal.
Promoting Social Justice
But CEIBAL’s longer-term objective is to promote social justice by promoting equal access to information and communication tools for all our people. The school plan lays the groundwork by encouraging active participation by both students and teachers in the Internet world. It does more than just distribute laptops: multiple government agencies and volunteers work together to provide teachers with the resources and training necessary to adapt instruction to a digitized classroom. This allows for a more dynamic learning environment that encourages innovation and creates a culture of lifetime learning.
This makes CEIBAL different from previous efforts to bridge the digital divide in Uruguay. It combines the distribution of computers with a program to train teachers in the cognitive skills needed to use IT for maximum benefit. It is not oriented toward creating an IT-friendly environment merely inside the classroom, but also outside: students are expected to take laptops home so that the computer can then be shared among family members.
That in turn provides the foundation for thenext phase of our strategy: to bring Internet access to all Uruguayan homes. In order to accomplish this, CEIBAL will use the latest innovations in connectivity—asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) and 3G/Edge cellular technology—and take advantage of engineering advancements such as point-to-point links. If we are successful, Uruguay will be the most connected country in the world.
We are implementing the plan one step at a time. To date, we have delivered 151,918 XO computers—low-power laptops that operate with flash memory and a Linux operating system—to students in public schools in Uruguay. By the end of 2009 one laptop will be delivered to each of the 301,143 students and 12,879 teachers in Uruguay’s 2,064 public schools. Students with mental, visual, hearing, or motor disabilities—as well as their schools—will also receive computers specifically tailored to meet their needs. CEIBAL’s total initial cost, financed entirely by the Uruguayan state, is $100 million (each computer costs $220). In addition to that, the government will spend $15 million annually for the program’s maintenance and continuity.
The next step is to extend the distribution of computers and training of teachers to the almost 6,000 rural, public secondary education centers. The teachers will be able to acquire laptops at subsidized prices and on easy payment terms. We anticipate that approximately 8,000 out of almost 15,000 teachers will participate.
Private schools are also taking part. Since their students come from a higher socioeconomic background, computers are not free but can be acquired at a very low price. Still, we anticipate that around 25,000 of the almost 47,000 private school students will receive computers next year.
Beyond its ambitious scope and multiple efforts in the classroom, CEIBAL also seeks to broaden society’s access to information and knowledge. Its website (www.ceibal.edu.uy) provides educational and other important materials for students, teachers and the community at large, with the goal of allowing Uruguayans to interact and share knowledge on line. The website will coordinate with other areas of government to provide information on health care, preventative health, transit safety, environmental protection, and other programs.
Can CEIBAL be replicated elsewhere in the hemisphere? Not without major adjustments.
CEIBAL was created to respond to the particular dynamics of Uruguayan society and its educational system. But it can still serve as a reference point for others. With this in mind, the CEIBAL Plan Research Center—with the support of national and foreign universities and research institutions— will begin operations by mid-2009. Its mission is to share the plan and to build on it while supporting the adoption of similar models in other countries.
Applying Technology to Democracy
Linked to the implementation of CEIBAL is another landmark government initiative: the 2008–2010 Uruguayan Digital Agenda for an Information Society. This is a development strategy based on combining innovation, technology and knowledge with social inclusiveness. Similar to e-government initiatives in other places, a key objective is to increase the access of citizens —including the most marginalized—to government services and public institutions through the use of the Internet.
At the same time, technology will enable Uruguayans to participate in the design, discussion and evaluation of public policies at the national and municipal levels. Citizens will have a more direct voice in government; and in turn, government is expected to be more responsive to citizen demands. This new dynamic is imperative in today’s society, where government actions must have institutional and technical legitimacy along with social support.
Overcoming the digital divide is more than just a matter of technology, budgets or infrastructure. It is also about creating a culture of citizenship with clearly defined rights and responsibilities.
Recognizing individual rights is the foundation of a truly democratic society that fosters long-term economic and social development. In order to accomplish this, governments must equip their citizens with the tools, knowledge and capacity to benefit from the opportunities presented by technology and the global economy. They must, in other words, look to the future.
That is why ensuring that our economic growth is tied to technological innovation is a central goal of my government. Since 2005, the Uruguayan economy has grown 23 percent. But investment has especially jumped in sectors that benefit from technology advances, such as agro-industry, biotechnology, port services, real estate, and tourism. More than 150,000 jobs have been created and, at the end of 2008, our unemployment rate stood at 7.6 percent—the lowest in decades. In less than four years, our poverty rate has decreased from 31 percent to 21 percent.
But we still have work to do. We have yet to achieve our goal of greater social equality and cohesion, both critical factors for reducing poverty. But building bridges across the technological divide is an important step in helping to get us there.














I found so many
I found so many interesting topics on your blog. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I'm not the only one who respects your work. Keep up the great articles.
Thanks for sharing
Thanks for posting, I look forward to reading more of Latin American coverage.
Glad to see interest
Glad to see the interest in computer science. I have noticed the gradual increase of interest in the field.
Agreed
Its really important to communicate more and the best way is with the Internet.
Dedicated reader
I have been surfing online more than three hours today, yet it's been so difficult to find content like this. In my opinion, if all bloggers made good content as you did, the internet will be much more useful than ever before.
Uruguay has been improving
Uruguay has been improving not just their country but the reputation of Latin America. They are a very impressive nation especially in the midst of these tough economic times.
You make an interesting point
You make an interesting point and I agree that advanced countries such as the US are quickly gaining momentum. I agree with your post that developing countries may forever be in their shadow, it would simply take too long to catch up.
Agreed in part
I like the foundation of this blog has a great variety of comments. It has a several points of view it broadens the subject, it is very interesting and I would like learn more. It's great to see a country making its own way and realizing the importance that technology has on advancement. I hope to see some more updates on how things are progressing.
Technology
Granted that technology has become the lifeblood of any business regardless if it is big or small. The development of our technology, is great but realizing that it was the administrations desire to be in charge of developing the Internet is simply unjust. It is the people that will end up paying the bill. Why are we comparing ourselves to governments in Korea and Japan—granted that they may have a "better" network. If the government pays for and controls something it is only a matter of time before they start to place restrictions on the American people taking more of our freedom away.
Incredible Information
The internet gave us a new way to grew our economies and raise people's awareness.
Hello!
Thanks for a great post!
Very interesting article.
Uruguay has been improving not just their country but the reputation of Latin America. They are a very impressive nation especially in the midst of these tough economic times.
I believe that
I believe that children in civilized countries still have access to computers I do not think this is a problem it helps develop their future.
Without the technology and
Without the technology and the lack of infrastructure it might make them one of the backward countries I am sure necessary steps are evaluated into the right direction to tackle all of the problems.
Thanks for sharing
Thanks for sharing this, I would love to follow this story.
What about its impact?
The digital democracy and openness of the people of Uruguay to embrace such technologies is a good advantage in terms of educational advancements. However, we must all know that the influx of technology without proper education in terms of its use and its encompassing ethics can also lead these people to be misguided. Technologies may have a higher propensity of misuse. What must be done is that we must raise the social-cultural awareness of the people first and conduct a study of how receptive they are with the current technologies.
I believe that children in
I believe that children in civilized countries still have access to computers and do not think this is a problem. Technology contributes to the welfare of a country like Uruguay. Other sectors must be developed if we want this country to be successful.
So happy
So happy to read this, thank you for this article.
This is really awesome!
I hope that this is not only in the Uruguay, hope this applies all over the world. How beautiful life is if this will be implemented. It really helps to the students, youths and other children in their learnings.
Great article really enjoyed
Great article really enjoyed reaing this.
What a pity I didn’t find
What a pity I didn’t find your article earlier. I needed the Internet research on Uruguayan economy.
Technology in third world countries
Someone must take a stand to make things work out especially in the development of the country. This article is very interesting and leaders in third world countries that are underdeveloped must read this article. There are numerous foundations around the world, they go to third world countries to help in the development of their nation. Uruguay is very successful in developing their country with innovation. They are very serious in their program especially educating children in the future. They also give computers to children and teach them how to use it so that they will become computer literate. I also have read research papers about third world countries that are striving hard to conquer poverty and corruption.
I wanted to thank you for this great read
I wanted to thank you for this great read!! I definitely enjoy every little bit of it :) I have you bookmarked your website to check out the upcoming post.
Pretty good post. I just
Pretty good post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your blog posts. Any way I'll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you post again soon.
Nice blog
I agree 100% with the previous post! Excellent work, it was very interesting to read.
I currently work in a country
I currently work in a country where resources are: chalk, blackboard, card, felt pens, cardboard, paper and pencils, some limited realia and the creative brains and the talent of the teachers. Yes, the training college has SOME resources, which the aid agency have provided and these will stay, but that is where they stay - at the training college. In the actual classroom, there is a floor and maybe some walls and often a leaky roof since it rains here a lot. But there are no CD player unless the teacher provides it and limited power outlets. So what do you do for resources under these circumstances when teaching? You do a lot of hard work to provide an intersting useful lesson. Because tachers don't have access to all the mod cons, such as electronic white boards - in fact, what is a white board - then you work with what you have. It's a challenge, but the upshot is that you learn to find new ways of doing things and this is what creative, lateral thinking minds do.
Yes I agree with you as I am
Yes I agree with you as I am in a similar situation with no funding and no sign of any, one makes something out of what one has and do their best! Paul
The Myth of Digital Democracy
I completely agree with the idea that competing with a large web application is not easy, but this is a problem with straight-out capitalism. Being online simply reduces one of the costs. If I wanted to start a restaurant it would cost a lot of money. If I wanted to start an online restaurant it would be... slightly cheaper? There are also other significant problems with online applications such as vendor lock-in, which still happens online, and in a way it's far more pervasive since these apps are growing very quickly compared to ye olde applications.
Undergrads flock to computer science programs
For the second year in a row, computer science enrollments in the U.S. have increased, according to an annual study of enrollment trends, giving hope that the degree program is seeing a revival that's here to stay. The decline in technology-related enrollments that began with the dot-com bust has been worrisome to business and government leaders. President Obama, in particular, has pushed for programs to train more secondary school teachers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. He has gone so far as to urge students to eschew finance degrees in favor of technology areas.
v
f It’s hard to find knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks Don’t stop writing, you’ve given me lots of good info!
Good post and a fantastic
Good post and a fantastic read. You have raised some valid points. Great work, keep it up.
ok
very interesting article ... Interesting point of view. Congratulations. It was worth reading.
thanks
Interesting post. I have been wondering about this issue,so thanks for posting. I’ll likely be coming back to your blog. Keep up great writing. Brad
Nowadays, computers
Nowadays, computers and other technologies are a must for all people.
Very interesting article.
Very interesting article.
Excellent post, thank you
Excellent post, thank you very much for taking the time to share with those who are starting on the subject. Greetings





Congratulations to Uruguay
Congratulations to Uruguay this is the way to go. Portugal has a similar program where children from elementary school have access to a computer which can cost from 0 to 50 euros depending on the familiar economic level.
Uruguay this is the way to
Uruguay this is the way to go. Portugal has a similar program where children issues from elementary fast school have access to a computer which can cost from 0 to 50 euros depending on the familiar fact economic.
Uruguay is late
A great and noble endeavor, but this should've been done at least 2 years ago. A lot of african countries are wired by now. Nonetheless, I still think they will benefit a lot from it, just wish it had been done sooner.
Uruguay has the highest rates
Uruguay has the highest rates to access communication across the whole country, and has already selected and maintained Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) standards for its digital terrestrial and mobile TV. Still the country has a gap in developing education or social cohesion.
great
I think its absolutely great that kids in Uruguay will get some computers! I remember when i first got my computer, it was amazing :D Even though i didn't know much on how do you use it and stuff, it was still great. Just hope those kids don't become hackers :P Andy
the program really is a
the program really is a serious way to make education on students about computer and will make them computer literate. ensuring them this education will really lead them to a bright new future.
I agree - giving education is
I agree - giving education is teaching someone how to fish and not just giving them a fish. -Matt
computer literate education program
It is a great program for students about computer and will make them computer literate. This program can open a bright new future for many students.
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This article simply ROCKS ! That was a great read for me. keep it up with all the good work..
Very Good
Good post….thanks for sharing.. very useful for me i will bookmark this for my future needed. thanks for a great source.
More computers for kids
We all know that as time passes, technology will become cheaper. Look at the new netbooks that they have out now. Those things are getting really cheap, and should be able to give more kids these computers because the price keeping going down.
this is so good to see. You
this is so good to see. You should get bill gates involved in this. He is donating alot of money now for this.
24 Hour Locksmith
Wow, what a great post, thanks for sharing!
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Thank you for this article! Implementation of CEIBAL is amazing and ambitious project!