Politics, Business & Culture in the Americas

Endnotes: Affirmative Action in the Americas

Below are the endnotes from “Affirmative Action in the Americas” by Tanya K. Hernández (Summer 2013 AQ.)

  1. Sheldon Bernard Lyke, “Is Resistance to Foreign Law Racist?”  Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law (3) (2013).
  1. Fondo Comunidades Negras, http://www.icetex.gov.co/ dnnpro5/es-co/fondos/programasespeciales/comunidadesnegras.aspx. (accessed July 21, 2013).
  1. Magdalena León and Jimena Holguín, “La Acción Afirmativa en La Universidad de los Andes: El caso del programa ‘Oportunidades para talentos nacionales,’” Revista de Estudios Sociales 19 (December 2004), http://res.uniandes.edu.co/view.php/405/indexar.php? c=Revista+No+18. (accessed July 21, 2013).
  2. Magdalena León and Jimena Holguín, Acción Afirmativa Hacia Democracias Inclusivas: Colombia (Chile: Fundación Equitas, March 2005), pp. 208–11,
  3. http://www.fundacionequitas.org/archivo.aspx?cod_idioma=ES&id=29 (chart 9 describes all the affirmative action programs, including admissions); (accessed July 21, 2013).
  4. León and Holguín, “La Acción Afirmativa en la Universidad de los Andes,” 60.
  5. Castro Heredia et al., “Un breve acercamiento a las políticas de Acción Afirmativa: orígenes, aplicación y experiencia para grupos étnico-raciales en Colombia y Cali,” Revista Sociedad y Economía núm. 16, pp 159-170 (January 2009), http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/redalyc/pdf/996/ (accessed July 21, 2013).
  6. Colombia Global Affirmative Action Praxis Project, http://colombiapraxisproject.blogspot.com. (accessed July 21, 2013).
  7. Constitución Del Ecuador, http://www.asambleanacional.gov.ec/documentos/constitucion_de_bolsillo.pdf.
  8. Plan Plurinacional Para Eliminar la Discriminación Racial y la Exclusión Étnica y Cultural (Quito: CODAE, September 2009), p. 35, http://www.codae.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=188%3Aplan-plurinacional-para-eliminar-la-discriminacion-racial-y-la-exclusion-etnica-y-cultural&catid=27&Itemid=63. (accessed July 21, 2013).
  9. “15 Abogados Afroecuatorianos se Especializan,” CODAE, May 13, 2011, http://www.codae.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=137:15-abogados-afroecuatorianos-se-especializan. (accessed July 21, 2013).
  10. “Becas y Maestrías,” CODAE, May 2011, http://www.codae.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=194:becas-y-maestrias&catid=1. (accessed July 21, 2013)
  11. “Las acciones afirmativas y el Decreto 60,” Boletin Informativo No. 002 FLASCO—Ecuador (Abril-Junio 2012), http://www.flacso.org.ec/portal/pnTemp/PageMaster/v442krojhp28u83fj0yio8dq61ty7g.pdf. (accessed July 21, 2013)
  12. “Proyectos de Viviendas,” CODAE, http://www.codae.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=202&Itemid=74.
  13. Executive Decree 09–2007 (Honduras).
  14. Actualidad Afrodescendiente en Iberoamérica, Cuedrnos SEGIB—PNUD (No. 1), p. 44. http://segib.org/publicaciones/files/2010/07/Actualidad-Afrodescendiente-Iberoamerica.pdf (accessed July 21, 2013)
  1. Seth Racusen, “Making the ‘Impossible’ Determination: Flexible Identity and Targeted Opportunity in Contemporary Brazil,” Connecticut Law Review 36 (2004),787-829.
  2. Ibid. pp.812–813.
  3. Raquel Coelho Lenz Cesar, “Acesso A Justiça Para Minorias Racias no Brasil: É a Açao Afirmativa o Melhor Caminho? Riscos e Açertos no Caso da UERJ,” Ph.D. dissertation, State University of Rio de Janeiro (2003), p. 28.
  4. Decreto No. 43007, de 6 de Junho de 2011 (Brazil). http://p-web01.mp.rj.gov.br/Arquivos/Pagina_Candidato/Decreto_43.007_de_06_de_Junho_de_2011.pdf (accessed July 21, 2013).
  5. Seth Racusen, “Fictions of Identity and Brazilian Affirmative Action,” National Black Law Journal 21 (2009); “Cotas No Brasil: Um Panorama do Aplicação de Políticas Afirmativas Nas Universidades Públicas,” Revista Adusp 43 (July 2008), 6–39.
  6. “STF declared the constitutionality of the quota system at the University of Brasilia,” STF Internacional (Federal Supreme Court of Brazil news portal), April 26, 2012, http://www2.stf.jus.br/portalStfInternacional/cms/destaquesClipping.php?sigla=portalStfDestaque_en_us&idConteudo=207138. (accessed July 21, 2013).
  7.  “Supremo declara constitucionalidade do ProUni,” Secretaria de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial, Últimas Notícias, May 4, 2012, http://www.seppir.gov.br/noticias/ultimas_noticias/2012/05/supremo-declara-constitucionalidade-do-prouni (accessed, July 21, 2013).
  8. Renato H.L. Pedrosa et al., “Academic Performance, Students’ Background and Affirmative Action at a Brazilian University,” Higher Education Management and Policy 19 (2007), (1-20).
  9. “Dados Socioculturais 2010,” Vestibular UERJ, www.vestibular.uerj.br (accessed July 21, 2013).
  10. Mónica Treviño González, “Opportunities and Challenges for the Afro-Brazilian Movement,” in Bernd Reiter and Gladys L. Mitchell (eds.), Brazil’s New Racial Politics (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2010), pp. 123-138.
  11. André Cicalo, “Nerds and Barbarians: Race and Class Encounters through Affirmative Action in a Brazilian University,” Journal of Latin American Studies (44) (2012), 235-260.
  12. Ibid. pp. 256-257.
  13. José Luis Petruccelli, A cor denominada: estudos sobre a clasificação étnico-racial (Rio de Janeiro: DP & A Editores, 2007).
  14. Amauri Segalla, Mariana Brugger and Rodrigo Cardoso, “Por que as cotas racias deram certo no Brasil,” ISTOÉ Independente, April 5, 2013. http://www.istoe.com.br/reportagens/288556_POR+QUE+AS+COTAS+RACIAIS+DERAM+CERTO+NO+BRASIL (accessed July 21, 2013).
  1. Instituto Ethos de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social, Perfil Social, Racial e de Gênero das 500 Maiores Empresas do Brasil e Suas Açoes Afirmativas – Pesquisa 2010 (São Paulo, Nov. 2010), http://www1.ethos.org.br/EthosWeb/arquivo/0-A-eb4Perfil_2010.pdf. (accessed July 21, 2013).
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